Summary of static keyword

➤A static variable defined inside a block has block-scope, but having duration for the entire program. It retains its memory and value across multiple invocations.
➤A static global variable defined outside all functions has file-scope with internal linkage (i.e., visible only to the file in which it is defined, but not other source files). It has duration for the entire program, and retains its memory and value throughout the program execution. On the other hand, a global variable without the static keyword has file-scope with external linkage. It can be referenced by other file via the extern keyword.
➤A static class member belongs to the class, instead of the instances. There is one copy shared by all the instances. It has class scope. To reference it outside the class, use the scope resolution operator classname::static_membername

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