Data Abstraction and Encapsulation 

The wrapping up of data and functions into a single unit (called c1ass) is known as encapsulation. Data encapsulation is the most strilting feature of a class. The data is not 
accessible to the outside world, and only those functions which are wrapped in the class can access it. These functions provide the interface between the object's data and the program. 
This insulation of the data from direct access by the program is called data hiding or information hiding. 
Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanations. Classes use the concept of abstraction and are defined as a list of ab$tract attributes such as size, weight and cost. and functions to operate on these attributes. They encapsulate all the essential properties of the objects that are to be created. The attributes are sometimes called data numbers because they hold information. 
The functions that operate on these data are sometimes called methods or member functions. 
Since the classes use the concept of data abstraction, they are known as Abstract Data Types (ADT).

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